Illustrations Gallery

About the Illustrations Gallery

This collection offers additional glimpses of the world of domestic music-making examined in Mozart’s Music of Friends. Images are divided into four categories, as listed below. Enter the gallery using the links below and use the navigation tools to browse within each section. Click directly on any image for an enlarged view.

I. Illustrations included in Mozart’s Music of Friends

These are color images of items that appear in grayscale in the book or full versions of items from which only a detail is reproduced. Figure numbers correspond to the figures in the book.

• 1.

  Fig 1.1 Heliogravure by Franz Hanfstaengl, 1907, after Julius Schmid, Haydn Quartet, c. 1905–6 (painting now lost). Vienna City Museum.

• 2.

  Fig. 1.3 Title page of Haydn, Piano Trio, Hob. XV:10 (Vienna: Artaria, 1798).

• 3.

  Fig. 1.4 Gabriel Jacques de Saint-Aubin, The Musical Duo, c. 1772. Watercolor, gouache, brown and black ink, and graphite on paper. The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.

• 4.

  Fig. 1.5 Nicolaes Aartman, Interior with a Musical Gathering, c. 1723–60. Graphite and watercolor on paper. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

• 5.

  Fig. 3.2 Antoine Jean Duclos, after Augustin de Saint-Aubin, The Concert, 1774. Etching and engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

• 6.

  Fig. 7.1 Johann August Rosmaesler, Engraving published in Franz Seydelmann, Sechs Sonaten für zwo Personen auf Einem Clavier (Leipzig: Breitkopf, 1781).

II. Other Illustrations: Musical Scenes and Portraits

These drawings, paintings, silhouettes, and engravings depict domestic music-making or show family portraits with prominent musical elements. Aside from the Mozart family portrait and silhouettes by Joseph Widnmann, which show court musicians dressed in servants’ liveries, these images portray music as an avocational activity integral to social life among the leisured classes. Images are listed alphabetically by artist (if known), or else by title.

• 1.

  Aartman, Nicolaes, Interior with a Musical Gathering, c. 1720–60. Pen and black ink and brush and gray wash over black chalk on paper. Private collection, whereabouts unknown (sold Reiss & Sohn, Königstein im Taunus, 26 October 2007, lot 4960).

• 2.

  Carmontelle, Louis Carrogis, Mademoiselle Delou de Genève, M. Philippe Y et M. Y. Textier. Grayscale photograph of Carmontelle's watercolor. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.

• 3.

  Chenu, Pierre after Sivestre David Mirys, Engraving published in Jean Benjamin de la Borde, Essai sur la Musique ancienne et moderne (Paris, 1780), Volume 1, facing p. 346.

• 4.

  Chinnery, George, A Family Group around a Piano, c. 1812–15. Pen and black ink on paper. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.

• 5.

  Chodowiecki, Daniel, “House Concert.” Engraving published in Johann Bernhard Basedow, Das Elementarwerk für die Jugend und ihre Freunde (Berlin and Dessau, 1774), table XVIIIa.

• 6.

  Chodowiecki, Daniel, “Music,” from Occupation des dames. Engraving published in Almanac de Berlin (Berlin, 1781).

• 7.

  Chodowiecki, Daniel, “Singing,” from Occupation des dames, 1781. Engraving published in Almanac de Berlin (Berlin, 1781).

• 8.

  Delacroix, Eugène, Musical Gathering, 1808–63. Pencil on paper. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

• 9.

  della Croce, Johann Nepomuk, Portrait of the Mozart Family, 1780–81. Oil on canvas. Mozarteum Stiftung, Salzburg.

• 10.

  Dequevauviller, François Nicolas Barthélemy, after Nicolas Lavreince, Gathering at the Concert, 1784. Etching and engraving. National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.

• 11.

  Ekels, Jan II, Portrait of an Unknown Family, 1785. Oil on canvas. Whereabouts unknown (sold Sotheby’s, Amsterdam, 16 November 1994, lot 84).

• 12.

  Attributed to Sigmund Freudenberger (1745–1801), Duet for Violin and Harpsichord (n.d.). Pen and black ink and watercolor on paper. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

• 13.

  Unknown artist, A Family Being Served with Tea, c. 1745. Oil on canvas. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.

• 14.

  Gainsborough, Thomas, Study of a Music Party (inscribed “Portraits of Himself, His Two Daughters, and [Carl Friedrich] Abel by Gainsborough”), c. 1765–70. Red chalk on paper. British Museum, London.

• 15.

  Heins, John Theodore, Sr., A Music Party at Melton Constable, 1734. Oil on canvas. National Trust, Seaton Delaval.

• 16.

  Hilleström, Pehr, Gustavian Interior with a Musical Party, possibly 1779. Oil on canvas. Swedish National Portrait Gallery, Stockholm.

• 17.

  Horemans, Jan Josef, II, Concert in an Interior, 1764. Oil on canvas. Rockoxhuis, Antwerp.

• 18.

  Horemans, Jan Josef, II (1714–92), Elegant Company Playing Music in an Interior (n.d.). Oil on canvas. Whereabouts unknown (sold Tajan, Paris, 21 June 2010, lot 143).

• 19.

  Hörmannsperger, Johann Franz, “Ballroom with Musicians.” Gouache #5 from Privatalbum (Vienna, 1736). Antiquariat Inlibris, Gilhofer Nfg. GmbH, Vienna (previously sold Dorotheum, Vienna, 4 December 2012, lot 64).

• 20.

  Langendijk, Dirk, Elegant Interior with Chamber Music, 1799. India ink on paper. Amsterdam Museum.

• 21.

  Laroon, Marcellus the Younger, Musical Conversation, c. 1760. Oil on canvas. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.

• 22.

  Laroon, Marcellus the Younger, A Musical Tea Party, 1740. Oil on canvas. Royal Collection Trust / Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

• 23.

  Mechau, Jacob Wilhelm (1745–1808), Young Woman at the Spinet, Accompanied by a Gentleman on Violin (n.d.). Pen in gray and brown wash. Whereabouts unknown (sold Galerie Bassenge, Berlin, 27 November 2009, lot 6245).

• 24.

  Rousseau, Jakob, Silhouette Portrait of the Family of Burchard Johann von Deneken von Nienlande and Jeanne Esther du Peyrou, 1784. Brush and black ink, heightened with white. Private collection, The Netherlands.

• 25.

  Unknown artist, Silhouette Portrait of Joan Muijsken, Coenraad Muijsken, Their Wives, and Their Children, 1775–99. Brush and black ink, heightened with white. Private collection.

• 26.

  Vinkeles, Reinier, Musical Gathering in a Chamber, 1796. Etching and engraving. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

• 27.

  Widnmann, Joseph, Silhouette of Wallerstein Court Musicians Playing a Sonata, c. 1785. Wallerstein Castle, Wallerstein.

• 28.

  Widnmann, Joseph, Silhouette of Wallerstein Court Musicians Playing a String Quartet, c. 1785. Wallerstein Castle, Wallerstein.

• 29.

  Zegelaar, Gerrit (1719–94), A Man Playing a Harpsichord. Pen and ink with wash on paper. Amsterdam Museum.

• 30.

  Zick, Januarius, The Remy Family, 1776. Oil on canvas. Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nürnburg.

• 31.

  Zoffany, Johan Joseph, The Gore Family with George, Third Earl Cowper, c. 1775. Oil on canvas. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.

• 32.

  Zoffany, Johann, Musical Party, c. 1765. Pen and brown ink with wash on paper. Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford.

III. Other Illustrations: Caricatures

These comical depictions attest that unrehearsed musical performances by amateur players may not always have been entirely pleasant for listeners. If decorum required that the music be praised, most regular guests at musical gatherings would surely recognize certain unflattering aspects that are depicted – in an exaggerated way – in these caricatures. Images are listed alphabetically by artist (if known), or else by title.

• 1.

  Burney, Edward Francis, Amateurs of Tye-Wig Music, c. 1800–15. Pen and ink and watercolor on paper. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.

• 2.

  Gillray, James, Ars-musica, 1800. Hand-colored etching. National Portrait Gallery, London.

• 3.

  Gillray, James, A Country Concert; or, An Evening’s Entertainment in Sussex, 1798. Hand-colored etching. National Portrait Gallery, London.

• 4.

  Gillray, James, A Little Music; or, The Delights of Harmony, 1810. Hand-colored etching. National Portrait Gallery, London.

• 5.

  “The Music-Loving Youth.” Engraving published in Angenehme Bilder-Lust, der lieben Jugend zur Ergötzung also eingerichtet (Nürnburg, c. 1760).

• 6.

  Sayers, James, Concerto coalitionale, 1785. Etching. National Portrait Gallery, London.

• 7.

  Smith, Charles Loraine (of Enderby), A Sunday Concert, 1782. Etching and aquatint. National Portrait Gallery, London.

• 8.

  Title page of W. A. Mozart, Musikalischer Spaß (Vienna: André, 1797).

IV. Other Illustrations: Skittles (Kegelspiel)

These images depict the game skittles (Kegelspiel), which Mozart is known to have enjoyed and from which his “Kegelstatt” trio gets its name. Images are listed alphabetically by artist (if known), or else by title.

• 1.

  Chodowiecki, Daniel, “Amusements of Children: Soldier Games, Archery, Skittles, and Bouncing Balls.” Engraving published in Johann Bernhard Basedow, Das Elementarwerk für die Jugend und ihre Freunde (Berlin and Dessau, 1774), table Va.

• 2.

  Corvinius, Johann August, “Skittles [Kögelspiehl] Boscage, Nymphenburg Palace, Munich.” Engraving published in Matthias Diesel, Erlustierende Augenweide in Vorstellung herrlicher Garten und Lustgebäude (Augsburg, c. 1717), Volume 2, p. 25.

• 3.

  Hörmannsperger, Johann Franz, “Music and Skittles.” Gouache #4 from Privatalbum (Vienna, 1736). Antiquariat Inlibris, Gilhofer Nfg. GmbH, Vienna (previously sold Dorotheum, Vienna, 4 December 2012, lot 64).

• 4.

  Le Pautre, Jean (1618–82), “The Entertainment after the Meal.” Engraving from Arolsen Klebeband 9, Dekorations- und Architekturentwürfe von Jean Le Poutre, (Arolsen: Fürstlich Waldeckschen Hofbibliothek), p. 437, image 2.

• 5.

  Meyerheim, Friedrich Eduard, The Skittles Gathering, 1834. Oil on canvas. Alte Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin.

• 6.

  Steen, Jan, Peasants Playing Skittles, 1655. Oil on canvas. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

All rights to these images remain with their respective copyright holders. Acknowledgements details are listed on the About this Site page.